What should a PharmD review of a patient record include?

A comprehensive review of a patient record by a PharmD plays a crucial role in ensuring optimal medication management and patient safety. The correct answer encompasses several critical aspects of medication therapy management, which includes overutilization of drugs, therapeutic duplication, and incorrect drug dosage.

Overutilization of drugs refers to the prescription or use of medications at higher doses or more frequently than recommended, which can lead to an increased risk of adverse effects and complications. A PharmD must assess whether the prescribed medication regimen aligns with established guidelines and patient needs, ensuring that medications are used appropriately.

Therapeutic duplication involves the prescribing of multiple medications that serve the same therapeutic purpose. This can lead to unnecessary exposure to multiple drugs with similar effects, heightening the risk of side effects without providing additional therapeutic benefit. A PharmD's role includes identifying such duplications to streamline therapy and enhance patient safety.

Incorrect drug dosage is a significant concern in medication management, as both underdosing and overdosing can have serious implications for patient outcomes. A PharmD must evaluate that the prescribed dosages are appropriate based on the patient's age, weight, renal and hepatic function, and other individual factors, ensuring the therapy is both safe and effective.

Together, the inclusion of all these elements in a Pharm